vapor/vapor
Dimensions
Interface surface 4 exemplary [library] An API reference is generated from the code (autodoc, mkdocstrings, typedoc, …).
Can another program use it through a documented, machine-readable surface?
- next: [service] L2 A contract exists: a checked-in OpenAPI/GraphQL/protobuf/AsyncAPI spec, a framework-generated spec, MCP tool schemas, or a standard application protocol that off-the-shelf clients speak (RESP, MQTT, gRPC, PostgreSQL wire, …). (no machine-readable contract)
- next: [cli] L3 Machine-readable output (--json/--format) and documented exit statuses. (no --json/--format option)
cli ladder · level 2
- ✓ L1 Invocable non-interactively: no prompts, or prompts guarded by a TTY check or a --yes/--no-input option. no interactive prompts
- ✓ L2 --help documents every option (at least 90% of options have help text). Sources/Vapor/HTTP/Headers/HTTPMediaType.swift 1 match
- ✗ L3 Machine-readable output (--json/--format) and documented exit statuses. no --json/--format option
- ✗ L4 The output format is specified by a JSON Schema. no JSON Schema for the output
library ladder · level 4
- ✓ L1 An importable, packaged API exists. Package.swift Swift package library
- ✓ L2 The public API is delimited (__all__, an exports map, exported identifiers). Package.swift public access control
- ✓ L3 The public API is statically typed (py.typed, type declarations, a typed language). Package.swift statically typed language
- ✓ L4 An API reference is generated from the code (autodoc, mkdocstrings, typedoc, …). Sources/Vapor/Docs.docc DocC catalogSources/VaporTesting/Docs.docc DocC catalog
service ladder · level 1
- ✓ L1 A network surface exists: HTTP routes, an MCP server, or a standard protocol listener. Sources/Development/routes.swift vapor/hummingbird: 73 route declarations
- ✗ L2 A contract exists: a checked-in OpenAPI/GraphQL/protobuf/AsyncAPI spec, a framework-generated spec, MCP tool schemas, or a standard application protocol that off-the-shelf clients speak (RESP, MQTT, gRPC, PostgreSQL wire, …). no machine-readable contract
- ✗ L3 A contract covers its transport: an HTTP contract covers at least 80% of declared routes (generated contracts do), or the application layer over a standard protocol (commands, topics, payloads) is specified in a protocol document or AsyncAPI. no contract
- ✗ L4 A second surface: another transport (HTTP and a protocol, two protocols), an MCP server, a CLI with JSON output, or an SDK. only one programmatic surface
Contract stability 1 ad hoc Releases are versioned (semver tags or versioned changelog sections).
Can integrators rely on it not changing under them?
- next: L2 A changelog exists and marks breaking changes. (no changelog)
all ladder · level 1
- ✓ L1 Releases are versioned (semver tags or versioned changelog sections). 635 semver tags, latest 5.0.0-beta.3
- ✗ L2 A changelog exists and marks breaking changes. no changelog
- ✓ L3 A deprecation mechanism is used in code (warnings, @deprecated, Deprecation/Sunset headers) or the API is versioned. Sources/Vapor/HTTP/EndpointCache.swift 1 matchSources/VaporTesting/TaskLocalTracingSystem.swift 1 match
- ✓ L4 Across tagged releases, no OpenAPI operation, CLI option or __all__ symbol was removed without first being deprecated. 20 tagged releases compared
Events 2 partial Webhooks sent by this system, or a streaming endpoint (SSE, WebSocket).
Can others react to state changes without polling?
- next: L3 Signed webhooks registrable through the API, or two mechanisms (webhooks, streams, a broker). (one delivery mechanism, or webhooks that are unsigned or not registrable through the API)
service ladder · level 2
- ✓ L1 Internal events exist (signals, queues, an outbox, emitters). Package.swift 11 matchesSources/Vapor/Concurrency/WebSocket+Concurrency.swift 1 match
- ✓ L2 Webhooks sent by this system, or a streaming endpoint (SSE, WebSocket). Package.swift 11 matchesSources/Vapor/Concurrency/WebSocket+Concurrency.swift 1 match
- ✗ L3 Signed webhooks registrable through the API, or two mechanisms (webhooks, streams, a broker). one delivery mechanism, or webhooks that are unsigned or not registrable through the API
- ✗ L4 Events are described by AsyncAPI or CloudEvents. no AsyncAPI or CloudEvents contract
Identity 0 absent Not yet: Programmatic authentication (bearer tokens, API keys).
Can a machine act with its own revocable, least-privilege identity?
- next: L1 Programmatic authentication (bearer tokens, API keys). (no token auth)
service ladder · level 0
- ✗ L1 Programmatic authentication (bearer tokens, API keys). no token auth
- ✗ L2 Per-client, revocable credentials (managed API keys, service accounts) or OAuth2. no managed keys or OAuth
- ✓ L3 Credentials carry scopes or permissions. Sources/Vapor/Response/Response+Body.swift 6 matchesSources/Vapor/HTTP/Server/HTTPServerHandler.swift 2 matches
- ✗ L4 Standard provisioning or federation (OIDC client credentials, SCIM). no OIDC client credentials or SCIM
Data portability n/a Not applicable: owns no persistent data.
Can its data get in and out, in bulk, in open formats, with an explicit schema?
Agent ergonomics 1 ad hoc [service] Errors are machine-readable: consistent JSON over HTTP, or a standard protocol's native error replies (RESP errors, MQTT reason codes, gRPC status, SQLSTATE).
Can an automated caller use it without guessing, and recover from failure?
- next: [service] L2 Field-level validation errors, and paginated lists. (no request validation)
- next: [cli] L2 Data on stdout, diagnostics on stderr, non-zero exit on failure. (no non-zero exit on failure)
- next: [library] L2 Inputs are validated with messages naming the bad argument. (no input validation errors)
cli ladder · level 1
- ✓ L1 Never blocks on a prompt when stdin is not a TTY. no interactive prompts
- ✗ L2 Data on stdout, diagnostics on stderr, non-zero exit on failure. no non-zero exit on failure
- ✗ L3 Documented exit statuses distinguish error classes, errors are JSON in JSON mode, and color is off when not a TTY. exit statuses aren't documented
- ✗ L4 --dry-run, limits for long or costly operations (timeouts, budgets), and agent docs. no --dry-run
library ladder · level 1
- ✓ L1 Errors are specific exception types, and library code never calls sys.exit. Sources/Vapor/Request/Request+Body.swift 4 matchesSources/Vapor/Response/Response+Body.swift 2 matches
- ✗ L2 Inputs are validated with messages naming the bad argument. no input validation errors
- ✗ L3 Timeouts and retries are configurable. no retry parameter
- ✗ L4 Agent docs, and examples that run as tests (doctests). examples don't run as tests
service ladder · level 1
- ✓ L1 Errors are machine-readable: consistent JSON over HTTP, or a standard protocol's native error replies (RESP errors, MQTT reason codes, gRPC status, SQLSTATE). Sources/Vapor/Middleware/ErrorMiddleware.swift 2 matches
- ✗ L2 Field-level validation errors, and paginated lists. no request validation
- ✗ L3 Typed errors (RFC 9457 over HTTP, or a standard protocol's typed error codes), idempotent writes (Idempotency-Key), and rate-limit signals. no typed errors
- ✗ L4 Dry-run or validate-only, conditional requests, and agent docs. no dry-run
Embeddability 3 solid [library] Published to a public registry, with at most 10 runtime dependencies.
Can another system run and compose it without a human?
- next: [service] L1 Runnable from source with documented steps (a README with commands). (no documented run steps)
- next: [cli] L3 Published to a public registry and run non-interactively in CI. (the command isn't run in CI)
- next: [library] L4 Optional features behind extras/features. (no optional extras)
cli ladder · level 2
- ✓ L1 Runnable from source (a declared entry point). Benchmarks/Package.swift swift executablePackage.swift swift executable
- ✓ L2 Installable as a package that provides the command. Benchmarks/Package.swift swift executablePackage.swift swift executable
- ✗ L3 Published to a public registry and run non-interactively in CI. the command isn't run in CI
- ✗ L4 Also shipped as a container image or a single binary. no container image or binary
library ladder · level 3
- ✓ L1 Importable from source. Package.swift Swift package library
- ✓ L2 Installable as a package (a package manifest). Package.swift package manifest
- ✓ L3 Published to a public registry, with at most 10 runtime dependencies. Package.swift Swift package released by semver tags 3 runtime dependencies
- ✗ L4 Optional features behind extras/features. no optional extras
service ladder · level 0
- ✗ L1 Runnable from source with documented steps (a README with commands). no documented run steps
- ✗ L2 Configured through environment variables, documented: a .env example, a config schema, or docs naming at least half of the variables the code reads. configuration isn't read from the environment
- ✗ L3 A container image. no Dockerfile
- ✗ L4 Composition artifacts (compose, Helm, IaC). no compose/Helm/IaC
Extensibility 0 absent Not yet: Internal seams: a registry, registration function or plugin manager.
Can behaviour be added without modifying the code?
- next: L1 Internal seams: a registry, registration function or plugin manager. (no registry or registration function)
all ladder · level 0
- ✗ L1 Internal seams: a registry, registration function or plugin manager. no registry or registration function
- ✗ L2 The docs show how to add behaviour through those seams (even in-tree). no registration functions to document
- ✗ L3 Out-of-tree extensions are discovered (entry points, a plugin directory, configuration) without editing the package. extensions must be added inside the package
- ✗ L4 The extension API is versioned, has lifecycle hooks, and has example extensions. the extension API isn't versioned
Observability 0 absent [service] Not yet: A health or readiness endpoint, or a container healthcheck.
Can an operator, or an orchestrating agent, tell whether it works and why not?
- next: [service] L1 A health or readiness endpoint, or a container healthcheck. (no health endpoint or healthcheck)
- next: [cli] L1 Meaningful exit statuses, and errors on stderr. (no non-zero exit on failure)
- next: [library] L1 Logs through a standard logger namespace and never prints from library code. (library code prints: Performance/Sources/PerformanceServer/main.swift, Sources/Development/routes.swift)
cli ladder · level 0
- ✗ L1 Meaningful exit statuses, and errors on stderr. no non-zero exit on failure
- ✗ L2 Verbosity control for diagnostics (--quiet, --log-level, --debug). no --quiet or log-level control
- ✗ L3 Structured logs (e.g. --log-format json) or a machine-readable run summary. no structured diagnostics
- ✗ L4 Tracing hooks (OpenTelemetry). no tracing hooks
library ladder · level 0
- ✗ L1 Logs through a standard logger namespace and never prints from library code. library code prints: Performance/Sources/PerformanceServer/main.swift, Sources/Development/routes.swift
- ✗ L2 Log levels are used meaningfully (at least two levels). fewer than two log levels used
- ✗ L3 Optional metrics or tracing hooks. no metrics or tracing hooks
- ✗ L4 OpenTelemetry instrumentation available. no OpenTelemetry instrumentation
service ladder · level 0
- ✗ L1 A health or readiness endpoint, or a container healthcheck. no health endpoint or healthcheck
- ✗ L2 Structured logs. no structured logging
- ✗ L3 Metrics. no metrics
- ✗ L4 Distributed tracing (OpenTelemetry). no tracing
Change legibility 2 partial CI runs the tests; applications pin dependencies (libraries and zero-dependency projects are exempt).
Can an agent change it safely with limited context?
- next: L3 At least 90% of modules fit 32k tokens and no file exceeds 12k; test/source token ratio at least 0.3; at least 70% of the code is typed. (97% of modules fit 32k tokens; 1 files over 12k)
all ladder · level 2
- ✓ L1 A README and some tests. README.mdTests/VaporMacroIntegrationTests/AuthMiddlewareIntegrationTests.swift 51 test files
- ✓ L2 CI runs the tests; applications pin dependencies (libraries and zero-dependency projects are exempt). .github/workflows/api-docs.yml.github/workflows/benchmark.yml
- ✗ L3 At least 90% of modules fit 32k tokens and no file exceeds 12k; test/source token ratio at least 0.3; at least 70% of the code is typed. 97% of modules fit 32k tokens; 1 files over 12k
- ✓ L4 No import cycles, and agent docs (AGENTS.md, CLAUDE.md, llms.txt). AGENTS.md
Make or buy
Make with agents
1,272,414 output + 31,810,350 input tokens
on anthropic:claude-opus-5-5 ≈ $50.
14.1 agent-hours · 8.5 human days (8.5 steering + 0.0 rediscovering history).
$6,666 over 3 years
Buy (adopt as is)
2 min to running (via library) + 2 min to first use (via library).
240 min/year of upgrades; price $0/year.
$809 over 3 years
Buying wins below $1,952 per year. How this is estimated.
Classic COCOMO vs neosloc value
Classic COCOMO (sloccount)
15.29 KSLOC → 42.1 person-months over 10.4 months.
$474k
The effort to write it by hand, as COCOMO priced it in 1981.
neosloc value (neoCOCOMO)
Reproduce with agents: 4.2 PM (×0.1 of classic; 100% of behaviour captured by tests, contract and docs).
Rediscover uncaptured history: 0.0 PM (799 fixes in 4710 commits by 295 authors).
× leverage 0.93 (integrability) × obsolescence 0.95.
$42k (3.7 PM)
What survives
9% of the classic figure
0% of the replacement cost lives only in code and history.
History
| Evaluated | Commit | neosloc | Index | Make or buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-12 | efbf8e203521 | 0.8.0 | 1.44 | buy |
| 2026-10-07 | bf77fc69b142 | 0.8.0 | 1.44 | buy |
| 2026-10-07 | bf77fc69b142 | 0.7.4 | 1.44 | buy |
| 2026-10-07 | bf77fc69b142 | 0.7.3 | 1.44 | buy |
| 2026-10-07 | bf77fc69b142 | 0.7.2 | 1.44 | buy |