sharkdp/fd
Dimensions
Interface surface 2 partial --help documents every option (at least 90% of options have help text).
Can another program use it through a documented, machine-readable surface?
- next: L3 Machine-readable output (--json/--format) and documented exit statuses. (no --json/--format option)
cli ladder · level 2
- ✓ L1 Invocable non-interactively: no prompts, or prompts guarded by a TTY check or a --yes/--no-input option. no interactive prompts
- ✓ L2 --help documents every option (at least 90% of options have help text). src/cli.rs 6 matches
- ✗ L3 Machine-readable output (--json/--format) and documented exit statuses. no --json/--format option
- ✗ L4 The output format is specified by a JSON Schema. no JSON Schema for the output
Contract stability 2 partial A changelog exists and marks breaking changes.
Can integrators rely on it not changing under them?
- next: L3 A deprecation mechanism is used in code (warnings, @deprecated, Deprecation/Sunset headers) or the API is versioned. (no deprecation mechanism or API versioning)
all ladder · level 2
- ✓ L1 Releases are versioned (semver tags or versioned changelog sections). 45 semver tags, latest v10.5.0
- ✓ L2 A changelog exists and marks breaking changes. CHANGELOG.md marks breaking changes
- ✗ L3 A deprecation mechanism is used in code (warnings, @deprecated, Deprecation/Sunset headers) or the API is versioned. no deprecation mechanism or API versioning
- ✓ L4 Across tagged releases, no OpenAPI operation, CLI option or __all__ symbol was removed without first being deprecated. 20 tagged releases compared
Events n/a Not applicable: no service and no long-running CLI mode (batch CLIs, libraries and desktop apps have no events).
Can others react to state changes without polling?
Identity n/a Not applicable: uses no credentials and has no service surface.
Can a machine act with its own revocable, least-privilege identity?
Data portability n/a Not applicable: owns no persistent data.
Can its data get in and out, in bulk, in open formats, with an explicit schema?
Agent ergonomics 2 partial Data on stdout, diagnostics on stderr, non-zero exit on failure.
Can an automated caller use it without guessing, and recover from failure?
- next: L3 Documented exit statuses distinguish error classes, errors are JSON in JSON mode, and color is off when not a TTY. (errors aren't JSON in JSON mode)
cli ladder · level 2
- ✓ L1 Never blocks on a prompt when stdin is not a TTY. no interactive prompts
- ✓ L2 Data on stdout, diagnostics on stderr, non-zero exit on failure. src/error.rs 1 matchsrc/main.rs 1 match
- ✗ L3 Documented exit statuses distinguish error classes, errors are JSON in JSON mode, and color is off when not a TTY. errors aren't JSON in JSON mode
- ✗ L4 --dry-run, limits for long or costly operations (timeouts, budgets), and agent docs. no --dry-run
Embeddability 2 partial Installable as a package that provides the command.
Can another system run and compose it without a human?
- next: L3 Published to a public registry and run non-interactively in CI. (not published to a registry)
cli ladder · level 2
- ✓ L1 Runnable from source (a declared entry point). Cargo.toml cargo binsrc/main.rs cargo binary
- ✓ L2 Installable as a package that provides the command. Cargo.toml cargo binsrc/main.rs cargo binary
- ✗ L3 Published to a public registry and run non-interactively in CI. not published to a registry
- ✗ L4 Also shipped as a container image or a single binary. no container image or binary
Extensibility 0 absent Not yet: Internal seams: a registry, registration function or plugin manager.
Can behaviour be added without modifying the code?
- next: L1 Internal seams: a registry, registration function or plugin manager. (no registry or registration function)
all ladder · level 0
- ✗ L1 Internal seams: a registry, registration function or plugin manager. no registry or registration function
- ✗ L2 The docs show how to add behaviour through those seams (even in-tree). no registration functions to document
- ✗ L3 Out-of-tree extensions are discovered (entry points, a plugin directory, configuration) without editing the package. extensions must be added inside the package
- ✗ L4 The extension API is versioned, has lifecycle hooks, and has example extensions. the extension API isn't versioned
Observability 1 ad hoc Meaningful exit statuses, and errors on stderr.
Can an operator, or an orchestrating agent, tell whether it works and why not?
- next: L2 Verbosity control for diagnostics (--quiet, --log-level, --debug). (no --quiet or log-level control)
cli ladder · level 1
- ✓ L1 Meaningful exit statuses, and errors on stderr. src/error.rs 1 matchsrc/main.rs 1 match
- ✗ L2 Verbosity control for diagnostics (--quiet, --log-level, --debug). no --quiet or log-level control
- ✗ L3 Structured logs (e.g. --log-format json) or a machine-readable run summary. no structured diagnostics
- ✗ L4 Tracing hooks (OpenTelemetry). no tracing hooks
Change legibility 3 solid At least 90% of modules fit 32k tokens and no file exceeds 12k; test/source token ratio at least 0.3; at least 70% of the code is typed.
Can an agent change it safely with limited context?
- next: L4 No import cycles, and agent docs (AGENTS.md, CLAUDE.md, llms.txt). (no agent docs (AGENTS.md, CLAUDE.md, llms.txt))
all ladder · level 3
- ✓ L1 A README and some tests. README.mdtests/testenv/mod.rs 2 test files
- ✓ L2 CI runs the tests; applications pin dependencies (libraries and zero-dependency projects are exempt). .github/workflows/CICD.ymlCargo.lock
- ✓ L3 At least 90% of modules fit 32k tokens and no file exceeds 12k; test/source token ratio at least 0.3; at least 70% of the code is typed. tests/testenv/mod.rs test ratio 0.51, 96% typed, modules fit
- ✗ L4 No import cycles, and agent docs (AGENTS.md, CLAUDE.md, llms.txt). no agent docs (AGENTS.md, CLAUDE.md, llms.txt)
Make or buy
Make with agents
212,254 output + 5,306,350 input tokens
on anthropic:claude-opus-5-5 ≈ $8.
2.4 agent-hours · 33.0 human days (1.8 steering + 31.3 rediscovering history).
$25,697 over 3 years
Buy (adopt as is)
15 min to running (via cli) + 60 min to first use (via cli).
120 min/year of upgrades; price $0/year.
$486 over 3 years
Buying wins below $8,404 per year. How this is estimated.
Classic COCOMO vs neosloc value
Classic COCOMO (sloccount)
3.88 KSLOC → 10.0 person-months over 6.0 months.
$112k
The effort to write it by hand, as COCOMO priced it in 1981.
neosloc value (neoCOCOMO)
Reproduce with agents: 1.5 PM (×0.15 of classic; 88% of behaviour captured by tests, contract and docs).
Rediscover uncaptured history: 1.5 PM (219 fixes in 1605 commits by 254 authors).
× leverage 0.96 (integrability) × obsolescence 1.
$33k (2.9 PM)
What survives
29% of the classic figure
49% of the replacement cost lives only in code and history.
History
| Evaluated | Commit | neosloc | Index | Make or buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-07 | 14dcd92fb76c | 0.8.0 | 1.71 | buy |
| 2026-10-07 | 14dcd92fb76c | 0.7.4 | 1.71 | buy |
| 2026-10-07 | 14dcd92fb76c | 0.7.3 | 1.71 | buy |
| 2026-10-07 | 14dcd92fb76c | 0.7.2 | 1.71 | buy |